Lancashire Holdings Limited – Lancashire Holdings Limited’s Full-Year 2025 Results

LANCASHIRE HOLDINGS LIMITED

PROFIT AFTER TAX OF $293.4 MILLION WITH STRONG UNDERWRITING RESULTS AND
INVESTMENT RETURNS DELIVERING AN ROE OF 20.9%

5 March 2026

Hamilton, Bermuda

Lancashire Holdings Limited («Lancashire» or «the Group») today announces its
results for the year ended 31 December 2025.

Highlights:

·         Gross premiums written increased 5.1% year-on-year to $2,259.3
million. Insurance revenue increased 5.4% year-on-year to $1,860.4 million.

·         Insurance service result of $381.1 million, discounted combined ratio
of 83.7%, undiscounted combined ratio of 93.1%.

·          Profit after tax of $293.4 million, resulting in an RoE (change in
DBVS) of 20.9%.

·         Total investment return of 7.0%, including unrealised gains and
losses.

·          Total dividends with respect to 2025 of $357.0 million, including
final ordinary dividend of $0.15 per share, subject to shareholder approval, and
additional special dividend of $0.50 per share.

[][][][][][][][]
For the year ended 31 December 2025 31 December 2024
$m $m
Highlights
Gross premiums written[1] 2,259.3 2,149.6
Insurance revenue 1,860.4 1,765.1
Insurance service result 381.1 379.9
Net investment return 218.0 162.2
Profit after tax 293.4 321.3

Financial ratios
Net insurance ratio[1] 73.5 % 71.3 %
Combined ratio 83.7 % 80.0 %
(discounted)[1]
Combined ratio 93.1 % 89.1 %
(undiscounted)[1]
Total investment return[1] 7.0 % 5.0 %

Per Share data
Diluted book value per $6.01 $6.03
share[1]
Change in diluted book value 20.9 % 23.4 %
per share («ROE»)[1 ]
Dividends per common share $1.225 $1.475
paid in the financial
year[2]
Diluted earnings per share $1.17 $1.30

1. Please refer to the end of this release for details of how these Alternative
Performance Measures (APMs) are calculated.
2. Includes special dividend of 25 cents per share paid in April 2025 in respect
of the year ended 31 December 2024 financial results.

Alex Maloney, Group Chief Executive Officer, commented

«The excellent results we are reporting today are the outcome of another
successful 12 months for Lancashire, with strong underwriting profit supported
by healthy investment returns.

Our results for 2025, a year that marked 20 years since Lancashire was founded,
demonstrate the strategic progress we have made in refocusing the business to
become more diversified across product lines and geographies. We have increased
our resilience and significantly reduced volatility in our earnings. This has
enabled the Group to deliver an excellent outcome for shareholders and positions
the business to capture future market opportunities.

Lancashire is a very different business now compared to just a few years ago.
That is evidenced by today’s results, as well as the confidence we have as a
management team to continue to deliver sustainable returns over the coming
years. It is important to emphasise the quality of people we have been able to
retain and attract, which has underpinned this performance and continues to be a
genuine competitive differentiator for our business.

At Lancashire, we have always believed in the market cycle and that successfully
managing its varying phases is the key to long-term and sustainable value
creation. Looking ahead, while we expect 2026 to be more competitive, we are
still in a healthy place when it comes to rate adequacy. We continue to take
advantage of underwriting opportunities, with our usual focus on disciplined
underwriting and actively managing capital and risk exposures.

We have also invested in the business, including the development of Lancashire
US, and through our buy-out of underwriting capacity for Syndicate 2010. This
acquisition means we now provide all of the capacity for both our syndicates,
offering us additional optionality within our Lloyd’s platform. Our confidence
is supported by our strong capital position and the recent upgrade of our long
-term issuer credit and financial strength ratings, from A- to A by S&P Global
Ratings is validation of the improved financial resilience of the business.

During 2025, we continued to grow in line with the underwriting opportunity with
gross premiums written increasing $109.7 million to $2,259.3 million, producing
an insurance service result (underwriting profit) of $381.1 million. Insurance
revenue also increased by 5.4% to $1,860.4 million and, for 2025, the
undiscounted combined ratio was 93.1%, or 83.7% on a discounted basis.

Even in a year which began with the devastating California wildfires, the
largest ever wildfire loss for the industry, our profit after tax of $293.4
million further illustrates the success of our approach.

Our strong underwriting results were supported by the performance of our
investment portfolio, which has grown in line with the expansion of the wider
business. In 2025, the portfolio returned 7.0%, or $218.0 million, making a
valuable contribution to our overall profitability and we anticipate a continued
stream of investment income in the coming years.

The Group’s robust capital position and excellent operating performance meant we
were both able to invest in the business and return capital to our shareholders,
and, during 2025, we paid aggregate special and ordinary dividends of $1.225 per
share or $296.5 million. I am pleased to say that we have also declared a
special dividend of $0.50 per share for the full-year 2025, in addition to a
final ordinary dividend. Since inception Lancashire has returned more than $3.7
billion to shareholders, including over 100% of our profits over the past two
years, while still investing in and growing the business. This is fully aligned
to our long-term capital management philosophy, and we will seek to continue to
return excess capital to shareholders, while still maintaining our underwriting
momentum.

Of course, we would not be able to report these excellent results today without
the hard work and commitment of our staff. I want to thank them all for their
support and enthusiasm and for playing their role in retaining our unique and
positive culture, which is highly valued. During 2025, we carried out an
engagement survey for all employees, which had an excellent response rate with
85% of people saying they feel proud to work at Lancashire. Our Bermuda business
was also named a top three employer on the island during the year.

Our strong culture also feeds into our efforts to have a positive wider social
impact, through financial donations and the skills of our people, and to help
those less fortunate. I am pleased to say that since its inception in 2007, the
Lancashire Foundation has now donated more than $24.8 million to charitable
organisations, including $0.8 million in 2025.

Lancashire is a distinctive and high-value business, and we will continue to
leverage the strong franchise we have built over the past 20 years. I am
confident that through our diverse underwriting platforms and products, our
focus on the efficient and disciplined use of capital, and our talented teams,
who thrive in a performance-driven culture, we can look forward to many more
successful years ahead.»

Underwriting results

For the year 31 December 31 December
ended 2025 2024
Reinsurance Insurance Total  Reinsurance Insurance Total
$m $m $m $m $m $m
Gross 1,187.2 1,072.1 2,259.3 1,097.8 1,051.8 2,149.6
premiums
written
RPI 97% 95% 96% 101% 101% 101%

Insurance 904.4 956.0 1,860.4 855.1 910.0 1,765.1
revenue

Insurance 292.4 88.7 381.1 264.1 115.8 379.9
service
result

Net 60.5% 87.3% 73.5% 61.6% 81.9% 71.3%
insurance
ratio

Gross premiums written

Gross premiums written increased by $109.7 million, or 5.1%, during 2025
compared to 2024. Excluding the impact of reinstatement premiums, underlying
growth in gross premiums written was 3.3%, in line with the low single digit
guidance we have previously given.

In the reinsurance segment, the rating environment softened marginally with a
reinsurance segment RPI of 97%. In the context of rating adequacy remaining very
healthy, we took the opportunity to grow and build out our relationships and
franchise value with core clients. Premiums across the reinsurance segment grew
8.1% year-on-year, with each pillar contributing to growth.

In the insurance segment, market conditions softened slightly for the first year
since 2017, however, given seven years of rate increases, the majority of
product lines remain very well priced with embedded underwriting margin. Given
favourable rate adequacy we continued to selectively grow our footprint and
increased premiums year-on-year. The insurance segment RPI was 95% and we have
increased our premiums by 1.9% year-on-year. The overall RPI for the Group was
96%.

Insurance revenue

Insurance revenue increased by $95.3 million, or 5.4%, for 2025 compared to
2024. Gross premiums earned, the key driver of insurance revenue, as a
percentage of gross premiums written was 97.5% for 2025 compared to 95.1% for
2024. The increased percentage reflects premium earnings from prior underwriting
years where the business saw substantial growth.

Allocation of reinsurance premiums

Allocation of reinsurance premiums decreased by $15.9 million, or 3.6%, during
2025 compared to 2024. The allocation of reinsurance premiums as a percentage of
insurance revenue for the Group was 22.8%, compared to 24.9% in the prior
period, reflecting more efficient reinsurance purchasing as the Group seeks to
achieve efficiencies and to benefit from its increasingly diversified
underwriting portfolio.

Net loss environment

During 2025, the Group experienced net losses (undiscounted, excluding
reinstatement premiums) from catastrophe, weather and large loss events
totalling $277.0 million. Catastrophe and weather losses were $184.7 million.
The net loss impact of the California wildfires of $163.4 million, which is
within the original range disclosed, represents the majority of this figure. The
Group also experienced net losses (undiscounted, excluding reinstatement
premiums) from large risk events totalling $92.3 million. None of the large risk
event losses were individually material for the Group.

In comparison, during 2024, the Group experienced net losses (undiscounted,
excluding reinstatement premiums) from catastrophe, weather and large loss
events totalling $215.2 million.

Favourable prior accident year loss development for the undiscounted net
movement in loss reserves was $122.8 million during 2025. This was primarily due
to general IBNR, catastrophe and large loss reserve releases on the 2024 and
2023 accident years and a further strengthening in reserves of $32.9 million
relating to direct and indirect losses from the Ukraine conflict.

In comparison, the favourable prior accident year undiscounted net movement in
loss reserves during 2024 was $93.3 million.

This continues our track record of favourable reserve releases and the Group
remains conservatively reserved at an 85% confidence interval.

Net discounting benefit

The table below shows the total net impact of discounting in respect of both
insurance contracts issued, and reinsurance contracts held, by financial
statement line item.

31 31
December December
2025 2024
For the year Insurance Reinsurance Total Insurance Reinsurance Total
ended
contracts contracts $m contracts contracts $m

issued held issued held

$m $m $m $m
Initial 169.3 (33.9) 135.4 144.4 (24.1) 120.3
discount
included
in insurance
service
result

Unwind of (101.1) 23.6 (77.5) (95.5) 26.9 (68.6)
discount
Impact of (32.5) 7.1 (25.4) 17.6 (2.9) 14.7
change in
assumptions
Finance (133.6) 30.7 (102.9) (77.9) 24.0 (53.9)
(expense)
income

Total net 35.7 (3.2) 32.5 66.5 (0.1) 66.4
discounting
income
(expense)

The total impact of discounting for 2025 was a net benefit of $32.5 million,
compared to a net benefit of $66.4 million for 2024. The higher net initial
discount in 2025 compared to 2024 is primarily due to the continued growth in
the Group’s underwriting portfolio and the impact of catastrophe and large
losses events contributing to a higher quantum of initial loss reserves being
established.

The discount rates for US dollar and pounds sterling have decreased in 2025.
This has driven an adverse impact from the change in discount rate assumptions.
The unwind of discount has increased and reflects the growth in the discount
provision over recent years in what has been a relatively high discount rate
environment.

In 2024, the discount rates increased across all major currencies creating a
positive impact from the change in discount rate assumptions and a higher
overall net benefit from discounting.

Investments

For the year ended 31 December 2025 31 December 2024

$m $m
Total net investment return 218.0 162.2

Total investment return, including net investment income, net realised gains and
losses and net change in unrealised gains and losses, was $218.0 million for
2025 compared to $162.2 million for 2024. Net investment income, excluding
realised and unrealised gains and losses, was $164.7 million in 2025, an
increase of 13.7% compared to 2024.

The investment portfolio generated a total investment return of 7.0% during
2025. The returns were driven by investment income, benefiting from higher
yields combined with rising prices due to falling Treasury rates and a modest
tightening of investment-grade credit spreads. In addition, the non-US dollar
portfolios and cash, held for hedging purposes, benefitted from a weakening US
dollar which added 50bps or $15.8 million of investment return. The private
investment funds also contributed strong returns during the year.

For 2024, the investment portfolio generated a positive return of 5.0%. The
returns were driven primarily from investment income given the higher yields
throughout most of the year. In addition to positive returns from the fixed
income portfolio, the risk assets, notably the bank loans and the private credit
funds, contributed positively to the overall investment return.

The managed portfolio was invested as follows:

As at 31 December 2025 31 December 2024

$m $m
Fixed maturity securities 2,810.2 2,603.8
Managed cash and cash equivalents 161.2 294.4
Private investment funds 291.2 253.1
Hedge funds 8.8 7.9
Other investments (0.3) 0.1
Total 3,271.1 3,159.3

Key investment portfolio statistics for our fixed maturity securities and
managed cash and cash equivalents were:

As at 31 December 2025 31 December 2024
Duration 2.1 years 2.0 years
Credit quality A+ AA-
Book yield   4.6% 4.7%
Market yield 4.4% 5.0%

Other operating expenses

For the year ended 31 December 2025 31 December 2024

$m $m
Operating expenses – fixed 217.8 184.8
Operating expenses – variable 47.7 36.4
Total operating expenses 265.5 221.2
Directly attributable expenses (119.3) (105.3)
allocated to insurance service
expenses
Other operating expenses 146.2 115.9

The most significant driver of the increase in operating expenses for 2025,
compared to 2024, was an increase in fixed and variable employment expenses. Our
increased headcount, and the underlying growth in the underwriting portfolio,
drove increases in IT, operational processing and office costs, as expected. In
2025, operating expenses also included some one-off project-related consultancy
fees and an impairment charge recognised on internally generated intangible
assets.

In 2025, $119.3 million of operating expenses were considered directly
attributable to the fulfillment of insurance contracts issued, and have
therefore been re-allocated to insurance service expenses and form part of the
insurance service result. This compares to $105.3 million for 2024, and is
reflective of the increase within the Group’s operating expense base.

Capital

As at 31 December 2025, total capital available to Lancashire was approximately
$2.0 billion, comprising shareholders’ equity of $1.5 billion and $0.5 billion
of long-term debt. Tangible capital was approximately $1.7 billion. Leverage was
22.9% on total capital and 26.3% on tangible capital. Total capital and total
tangible capital as at 31 December 2024 were $1.9 billion and $1.7 billion,
respectively.

Dividends

On 4 March 2026, Lancashire’s Board of Directors declared a final ordinary
dividend of $0.15 (approximately £0.12) per common share, subject to a
shareholder vote of approval at the AGM to be held on 29 April 2026, which will
result in an aggregate payment of approximately $36.0 million. The dividend will
be paid in pounds sterling on 12 June 2026 (the «Dividend Payment Date») to
shareholders of record on 15 May 2026 (the «Record Date») using the £ / $ spot
market exchange rate at 12 noon London time on the Record Date.

Lancashire’s Board of Directors has declared a special dividend of $0.50 per
common share (approximately £0.37 per common share at the current exchange
rate), which will result in an aggregate payment of approximately $121.0
million. The dividend will be paid in pounds sterling on 17 April 2026 (the
«Dividend Payment Date») to shareholders of record on 20 March 2026 (the»Record
Date») using the £ / $ spot market exchange rate at 12 noon London time on the
Record Date.

Financial information

The Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended 31 December
2025 are published on Lancashire’s website at
www.lancashiregroup.com (https://www.lancashiregroup.com/en/index.html).

The 2025 Annual Report and Accounts will be available on Lancashire’s website
from 27 March 2026.

Analyst and investor earnings conference call

There will be an analyst and investor conference call on the results at 1pm UK
time / 9am Bermuda time / 8am EST on Thursday 5 March 2026. The conference call
will be hosted by Lancashire management.

Participant registration and access information:

Audio conference call access:

https://emportal.ink/3Ly3NWb

Please register at this link to obtain your personal audio conference pin and
call details.

Webcast access:

https://onlinexperiences.com/Launch/QReg/ShowUUID=B72B93FA-15FA-45DB-BC7E
-38B5B78FDA0C

Please use this link to register and access the call via webcast.

A webcast replay facility will be available for 12 months and accessible at:

https://www.lancashiregroup.com/en/investors/results-reports-and
-presentations.html

For further information, please contact:

Lancashire
Holdings
Limited
Christopher [email protected] (chris.head%40lancashiregroup.com)
Head
Jelena
[email protected] (jelena.bjelanovic%40lancashiregroup.com)
Bjelanovic

FTI
Consulting
Edward [email protected]
Berry
Tom [email protected]
Blackwell

About Lancashire

Lancashire, through its operating subsidiaries, is a provider of global
specialty insurance and reinsurance products. The Group companies carry the
following ratings:

Financial Financial Long Term Issuer

Strength Strength Rating2

Rating1 Outlook1
A.M. Best A (Excellent) Stable bbb+
S&P Global Ratings A Stable BBB+
Moody’s A3 Stable Baa2

1. Financial Strength Rating and Financial Strength Outlook apply to Lancashire
Insurance Company Limited and Lancashire Insurance Company (UK) Limited.

2. Long Term Issuer Rating applies to Lancashire Holdings Limited.

Lancashire Syndicates Limited benefits from Lloyd’s ratings: A.M. Best: A+
(Excellent); S&P Global Ratings: AA- (Very Strong); and Fitch: AA- (Very
Strong).

Lancashire’s common shares trade in the equity shares (commercial companies)
category of the Main Market of the London Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol
LRE. Lancashire has its head office and registered office at Power House, 7 Par
-la-Ville Road, Hamilton HM 11, Bermuda.

The Bermuda Monetary Authority is the Group Supervisor of the Lancashire Group.

For more information, please visit Lancashire’s website at
www.lancashiregroup.com.

This release contains inside information for the purposes of Article 7 of the
Market Abuse Regulation (EU) 596/2014 as it forms part of UK domestic law by
virtue of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 («MAR»), and is disclosed in
accordance with the Company’s obligations under Article 17 of MAR. Upon the
publication of this release via the Regulatory Information Service, this inside
information will be considered to be in the public domain. The information was
submitted for publication, through the agency of the contact persons set out
above, at 07:00 UK time on 5 March 2026.

Alternative Performance Measures (APMs)

As is common practice within the insurance industry, the Group also utilises
certain non-GAAP measures to evaluate, monitor and manage the business and to
aid users’ understanding of the Group. Management believes that APMs are
important for understanding the Group’s overall results of operations, and may
be helpful to investors and other interested parties who may benefit from having
a consistent basis for comparison with other companies within the industry.
However, these measures may not be comparable to similarly labelled measures
used by companies inside or outside the insurance industry. In addition, the
information contained herein should not be viewed as superior to, or a
substitute for, the measures determined in accordance with the accounting
principles used by the Group for its consolidated financial statements or in
accordance with GAAP.

In compliance with the Guidelines on APMs of the European Securities and Markets
Authority and as suggested by the Financial Reporting Council, as applied by the
Financial Conduct Authority, information on APMs which the Group use is
described below. This information has not been audited.

All amounts, excluding share data, ratios, percentages, or where otherwise
stated, are in millions of US dollars.

Net insurance ratio:

Ratio, in per cent, of net insurance expenses to net insurance revenue. Net
insurance expenses represent the insurance service expenses less amounts
recoverable from reinsurers. Net insurance revenue represents insurance revenue
less allocation of reinsurance premium.

For the year ended 31 December 2025 2024
Insurance service expenses 1,451.2 1,186.1
Amounts recoverable from reinsurers (395.4) (240.3)
Net insurance expenses 1,055.8 945.8

Insurance revenue 1,860.4 1,765.1
Allocation of reinsurance premium (423.5) (439.4)
Net insurance revenue 1,436.9 1,325.7

Net insurance ratio 73.5% 71.3%

Operating expense ratio:

Ratio, in per cent, of other operating expenses, excluding equity-based
compensation expense, to net insurance revenue.

For the year ended 31 December 2025 2024
Other operating expenses 146.2 115.9
Net insurance revenue 1,436.9 1,325.7
Operating expense ratio 10.2% 8.7%

Combined ratio (discounted):

Ratio, in per cent, of the sum of net insurance expenses plus other operating
expenses to net insurance revenue.

For the year ended 31 December 2025 2024
Net insurance ratio 73.5% 71.3%
Operating expense ratio 10.2% 8.7%
Combined ratio (discounted) 83.7% 80.0%

Combined ratio (undiscounted) (KPI):

Ratio, in per cent, of the sum of net insurance expenses plus other operating
expenses to net insurance revenue. This ratio excludes the impact of the
discounting recognised within net insurance expenses.

For the year ended 31 December 2025 2024
Combined ratio (discounted) 83.7% 80.0%

Discount included in net insurance expenses 135.4 120.3
Net insurance revenue 1,436.9 1,325.7
Discounting impact on combined ratio 9.4% 9.1%

Combined ratio (undiscounted) 93.1% 89.1%

Diluted book value per share (‘DBVS’) attributable to the Group:

Calculated based on the value of the total shareholders’ equity attributable to
the Group, divided by the sum of all shares and dilutive restricted stock units
(as calculated under the treasury stock method), assuming all are exercised.

As at 31 December 2025 2024
Shareholders’ equity attributable to the Group 1,509.3 1,493.3
Common voting shares outstanding* 242,559,721 240,584,795
Shares relating to dilutive restricted stock 8,555,268 6,877,762
Fully converted book value denominator 251,114,989 247,462,557
Diluted book value per share $6.01 $6.03

*Common voting shares outstanding comprise issued share capital less amounts
held in trust.

Change in DBVS (KPI):

The internal rate of return of the change in DBVS in the period plus accrued
dividends. Sometimes referred to as RoE.

As at 31 December 2025 2024
Opening DBVS $6.03 $6.17
Q1 dividend per share $0.25 $0.50
Q2 dividend per share $0.15 $0.15
Q3 dividend per share $0.075 $0.075
Q4 dividend per share $0.75 $0.75
Closing DBVS $6.01 $6.03
Change in DBVS 20.9% 23.4%

Total investment return (KPI):

Total investment return in percentage terms is calculated by dividing the total
net investment return, excluding interest income on non-managed cash and cash
equivalents, by the investment portfolio net asset value, including managed cash
and cash equivalents, on a daily basis. These daily returns are then
geometrically linked to provide a total return for the period, which includes
the net impact of foreign exchange. The total investment return can be
approximated by dividing the total net investment return, excluding interest on
non-managed cash and cash equivalents, and including net foreign exchange gains
and losses related to investments and managed cash and cash equivalents, by the
average portfolio net asset value, including managed cash and cash equivalents.

For the year ended 31 December 2025 2024
Net investment return 218.0 162.2
Less interest income on non-managed cash and cash (13.8) (13.6)
equivalents
Net foreign exchange gains / (losses) related to investments 15.8 (6.0)
and managed cash and cash equivalents
Net investment return adjusted for interest and foreign 220.0 142.6
exchange
Average invested assets including managed cash and cash 3,215.2 2,939.3
equivalents*
Approximate total investment return 6.8% 4.9%
Reported total investment return 7.0% 5.0%

*Calculated as the average between the opening and closing investments and
managed cash and cash equivalents.

Total shareholder return (KPI):

Determined using the simple method of calculating the increase/(decrease) in the
Group’s share price, adjusted for dividends (included at the ex-dividend date)
as recalculated below. This measurement basis will generally approximate the
increase/(decrease) in share price in the period measured on a total return
basis, which assumes the reinvestment of dividends.

As at 31 December 2025 2024
Opening share price $8.25 $7.96
Q1 dividend per share $0.25 $0.50
Q2 dividend per share $0.75 $0.15
Q3 dividend per share $0.075 $0.075
Q4 dividend per share $0.75 $0.75
Q4 closing share price $8.62 $8.25
Total shareholder return 19.4% 22.1%

Gross premiums written:

The Group adopted IFRS 17 on 1 January 2023. Under IFRS 4, the previous
insurance accounting standard, the Group reported gross premiums written on the
consolidated statement of comprehensive income as amounts payable by the
insured, excluding any taxes or duties levied on the premium, including
brokerage and commission deducted by intermediaries and any inwards
reinstatement premiums. The Group continues to report gross premiums written as
a growth metric and non-GAAP APM.

The table below reconciles gross premiums written on an IFRS 4 basis to
insurance revenue on an IFRS 17 basis.

For the year ended 31 December 2025 2024
Gross premiums written 2,259.3 2,149.6
Change in unearned premiums (57.3) (105.9)
Gross premiums earned 2,202.0 2,043.7
Adjust for reinstatement premiums (44.6) (5.3)
Less commission and non-distinct investment components (297.0) (273.3)
Total insurance revenue 1,860.4 1,765.1

Gross premiums written under management (KPI):

The gross premiums written under management equals the total of the Group’s
consolidated gross premiums written, plus the external names portion of the
gross premiums written in Syndicate 2010.

For the year ended 31 December 2025 2024
Gross premiums written by the Group 2,259.3 2,149.6
LSL Syndicate 2010 – external Names portion 81.0 120.5
of gross premiums written (unconsolidated)
Total gross premiums written under 2,340.3 2,270.1
management

NOTE REGARDING RPI METHODOLOGY

THE RENEWAL PRICE INDEX («RPI») IS AN INTERNAL METHODOLOGY THAT MANAGEMENT USES
TO TRACK TRENDS IN PREMIUM RATES OF A PORTFOLIO OF INSURANCE AND REINSURANCE
CONTRACTS. THE RPI WRITTEN IN THE RESPECTIVE SEGMENTS IS CALCULATED ON A PER
CONTRACT BASIS AND REFLECTS MANAGEMENT’S ASSESSMENT OF RELATIVE CHANGES IN
PRICE, TERMS, CONDITIONS AND LIMITS AND IS WEIGHTED BY PREMIUM VOLUME. THE RPI
DOES NOT INCLUDE NEW BUSINESS, TO OFFER A CONSISTENT BASIS FOR ANALYSIS. THE
CALCULATION INVOLVES A DEGREE OF JUDGEMENT IN RELATION TO COMPARABILITY OF
CONTRACTS AND THE ASSESSMENT NOTED ABOVE. TO ENHANCE THE RPI METHODOLOGY,
MANAGEMENT MAY REVISE THE METHODOLOGY AND ASSUMPTIONS UNDERLYING THE RPI, SO THE
TRENDS IN PREMIUM RATES REFLECTED IN THE RPI MAY NOT BE COMPARABLE OVER TIME.
CONSIDERATION IS ONLY GIVEN TO RENEWALS OF A COMPARABLE NATURE SO IT DOES NOT
REFLECT EVERY CONTRACT IN THE PORTFOLIO OF CONTRACTS. THE FUTURE PROFITABILITY
OF THE PORTFOLIO OF CONTRACTS WITHIN THE RPI IS DEPENDENT UPON MANY FACTORS
BESIDES THE TRENDS IN PREMIUM RATES.

NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

CERTAIN STATEMENTS AND INDICATIVE PROJECTIONS (WHICH MAY INCLUDE MODELLED LOSS
SCENARIOS) MADE IN THIS RELEASE OR OTHERWISE THAT ARE NOT BASED ON CURRENT OR
HISTORICAL FACTS ARE FORWARD-LOOKING IN NATURE INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION,
STATEMENTS CONTAINING THE WORDS «BELIEVES», «AIMS», «ANTICIPATES», «PLANS»,
«PROJECTS», «FORECASTS», «GUIDANCE», «POLICY», «INTENDS», «EXPECTS»,
«ESTIMATES», «PREDICTS», «MAY», «CAN», «LIKELY», «WILL», «SEEKS», «SHOULD», OR,
IN EACH CASE, THEIR NEGATIVE OR COMPARABLE TERMINOLOGY. SUCH FORWARD-LOOKING
STATEMENTS INVOLVE KNOWN AND UNKNOWN RISKS, UNCERTAINTIES AND OTHER IMPORTANT
FACTORS THAT COULD CAUSE THE ACTUAL RESULTS, PERFORMANCE OR ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE
GROUP TO BE MATERIALLY DIFFERENT FROM FUTURE RESULTS, PERFORMANCE OR
ACHIEVEMENTS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED BY SUCH FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS. THESE
FACTORS INCLUDE, BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO: THE IMPACT OF THE ONGOING CONFLICT IN
UKRAINE, INCLUDING ANY ESCALATION OR EXPANSION THEREOF, THE CONTINUED
UNCERTAINTY OF THE SITUATION IN RUSSIA, INCLUDING ISSUES RELATING TO COVERAGE
AND THE IMPACT OF SANCTIONS, THE SECURITIES IN THE GROUP’S INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO
AND ON GLOBAL FINANCIAL MARKETS GENERALLY, AS WELL AS ANY GOVERNMENTAL OR
REGULATORY CHANGE ARISING THEREFROM; AND OTHER ADVERSE MARKET CONDITIONS
GENERALLY; POTENTIAL FURTHER HOSTILITIES IN THE MIDDLE EAST, INCLUDING ANY
ESCALATION THEREOF AND ITS IMPACT ON THE STABILITY OF THE REGION, GLOBAL SUPPLY
ROUTES AND INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL MARKETS; THE ACTUAL DEVELOPMENT OF LOSSES AND
EXPENSES IMPACTING ESTIMATES FOR CLAIMS WHICH ARISE AS A RESULT OF THE WILDFIRES
IN CALIFORNIA, WHICH OCCURRED IN THE FIRST QUARTER OF 2025, HURRICANES MILTON,
DEBBY AND HELENE, THE CALGARY HAILSTORMS AND EUROPEAN STORM BORIS, ALL OF WHICH
OCCURRED IN THE SECOND HALF OF 2024, THE IMPACT OF THE COLLAPSE OF THE FRANCIS
SCOTT KEY BRIDGE IN BALTIMORE, WHICH OCCURRED IN THE FIRST QUARTER OF 2024;
HURRICANE IAN, WHICH OCCURRED IN THE THIRD QUARTER OF 2022, THE COVID-19
PANDEMIC, THE KENTUCKY TORNADOES, HURRICANE IDA AND THE EUROPEAN STORMS WHICH
OCCURRED IN THE SECOND HALF OF 2021, WINTER STORM URI WHICH OCCURRED DURING THE
FIRST QUARTER OF 2021, HURRICANES LAURA AND SALLY, THE MIDWEST DERECHO STORM AND
THE WILDFIRES IN CALIFORNIA WHICH OCCURRED IN 2020, THE 2020 AND 2021 LARGE LOSS
EVENTS ACROSS THE GROUP’S SPECIALTY BUSINESS LINES, AND FURTHER HURRICANES,
TYPHOONS, MARINE LOSSES, EARTHQUAKES AND WILDFIRES, WHICH OCCURRED IN 2017 TO
2020, THE IMPACT OF COMPLEX AND UNIQUE CAUSATION AND COVERAGE ISSUES ASSOCIATED
WITH ATTRIBUTION OF LOSSES TO WIND OR FLOOD DAMAGE OR OTHER PERILS SUCH AS FIRE
OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION RELATING TO SUCH EVENTS; POTENTIAL UNCERTAINTIES
RELATING TO REINSURANCE RECOVERIES, REINSTATEMENT PREMIUMS AND OTHER FACTORS
INHERENT IN LOSS ESTIMATIONS; THE GROUP’S ABILITY TO INTEGRATE ITS BUSINESS AND
PERSONNEL; THE SUCCESSFUL RETENTION AND MOTIVATION OF THE GROUP’S KEY
MANAGEMENT; THE INCREASED REGULATORY BURDEN FACING THE GROUP; THE NUMBER AND
TYPE OF INSURANCE AND REINSURANCE CONTRACTS THAT THE GROUP WRITES OR MAY WRITE;
THE GROUP’S ABILITY TO SUCCESSFULLY IMPLEMENT ITS BUSINESS STRATEGY DURING
`SOFT’ AS WELL AS `HARD’ MARKETS; THE PREMIUM RATES WHICH MAY BE AVAILABLE AT
THE TIME OF SUCH RENEWALS WITHIN ITS TARGETED BUSINESS LINES; POTENTIALLY
UNUSUAL LOSS FREQUENCY; THE IMPACT THAT THE GROUP’S FUTURE OPERATING RESULTS,
CAPITAL POSITION AND RATING AGENCY AND OTHER CONSIDERATIONS MAY HAVE ON THE
EXECUTION OF ANY CAPITAL MANAGEMENT INITIATIVES OR DIVIDENDS; THE POSSIBILITY OF
GREATER FREQUENCY OR SEVERITY OF CLAIMS AND LOSS ACTIVITY THAN THE GROUP’S
UNDERWRITING, RESERVING OR INVESTMENT PRACTICES HAVE ANTICIPATED; THE
RELIABILITY OF, AND CHANGES IN ASSUMPTIONS TO, CATASTROPHE PRICING, ACCUMULATION
AND ESTIMATED LOSS MODELS; INCREASED COMPETITION FROM EXISTING ALTERNATIVE
CAPITAL PROVIDERS AND INSURANCE-LINKED FUNDS AND COLLATERALISED SPECIAL PURPOSE
INSURERS, AND THE RELATED DEMAND AND SUPPLY DYNAMICS AS CONTRACTS COME UP FOR
RENEWAL; THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ITS LOSS LIMITATION METHODS; THE POTENTIAL LOSS OF
KEY PERSONNEL; A DECLINE IN THE GROUP’S OPERATING SUBSIDIARIES’ RATINGS WITH
RELEVANT RATING AGENCIES; INCREASED COMPETITION ON THE BASIS OF PRICING,
CAPACITY, COVERAGE TERMS OR OTHER FACTORS; CYCLICAL DOWNTURNS OF THE INDUSTRY;
THE IMPACT OF A DETERIORATING CREDIT ENVIRONMENT FOR ISSUERS OF FIXED MATURITY
INVESTMENTS; THE IMPACT OF SWINGS IN MARKET INTEREST RATES, CURRENCY EXCHANGE
RATES AND SECURITIES PRICES; CHANGES BY CENTRAL BANKS REGARDING THE LEVEL OF
INTEREST RATES; THE IMPACT OF INFLATION OR DEFLATION IN RELEVANT ECONOMIES IN
WHICH THE GROUP OPERATES; THE EFFECT, TIMING AND OTHER UNCERTAINTIES SURROUNDING
FUTURE BUSINESS COMBINATIONS WITHIN THE INSURANCE AND REINSURANCE INDUSTRIES;
THE IMPACT OF TERRORIST ACTIVITY IN THE COUNTRIES IN WHICH THE GROUP WRITES
RISKS; A RATING DOWNGRADE OF, OR A MARKET DECLINE IN, SECURITIES IN ITS
INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO; CHANGES IN GOVERNMENTAL REGULATIONS OR TAX LAWS IN
JURISDICTIONS WHERE THE GROUP CONDUCTS BUSINESS; LANCASHIRE OR ITS BERMUDIAN
SUBSIDIARIES BECOMING SUBJECT TO INCOME TAXES IN THE UNITED STATES OR IN THE
UNITED KINGDOM; THE IMPACT OF THE CHANGE IN TAX RESIDENCE ON STAKEHOLDERS OF THE
GROUP; THE AVAILABILITY TO THE GROUP OF THE EXCLUSION THAT REMOVES COMPANIES
WITH A LIMITED INTERNATIONAL PRESENCE FROM THE SCOPE OF BERMUDA CORPORATE INCOME
TAX FOR A PERIOD OF UP TO FIVE YEARS FROM 1 JANUARY 2025 AND THE IMPACT OF THE
UNITED KINGDOM’S WITHDRAWAL FROM THE EUROPEAN UNION ON THE GROUP’S BUSINESS,
REGULATORY RELATIONSHIPS, UNDERWRITING PLATFORMS OR THE INDUSTRY GENERALLY, THE
FOCUS AND SCRUTINY ON ESG-RELATED MATTERS REGARDING THE INSURANCE INDUSTRY FROM
KEY STAKEHOLDERS OF THE GROUP, AND ANY ADVERSE ASSET, CREDIT, FINANCING OR DEBT
OR CAPITAL MARKET CONDITIONS GENERALLY WHICH MAY AFFECT THE ABILITY OF THE GROUP
TO MANAGE ITS LIQUIDITY. ANY ESTIMATES RELATING TO LOSS EVENTS INVOLVE THE
EXERCISE OF CONSIDERABLE JUDGEMENT AND REFLECT A COMBINATION OF GROUND-UP
EVALUATIONS, INFORMATION AVAILABLE TO DATE FROM BROKERS AND INSUREDS, MARKET
INTELLIGENCE, INITIAL AND/OR TENTATIVE LOSS REPORTS AND OTHER SOURCES.
JUDGEMENTS IN RELATION TO LOSSES ARISING FROM NATURAL CATASTROPHE AND MAN-MADE
EVENTS ARE INFLUENCED BY COMPLEX FACTORS. THE GROUP CAUTIONS AS TO THE
PRELIMINARY NATURE OF THE INFORMATION USED TO PREPARE ANY SUCH ESTIMATES AS
SUBSEQUENTLY AVAILABLE INFORMATION MAY CONTRIBUTE TO AN INCREASE IN THESE TYPES
OF LOSSES. ALL FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS IN THIS RELEASE OR OTHERWISE SPEAK
ONLY AS AT THE DATE OF PUBLICATION. LANCASHIRE EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY
OBLIGATION OR UNDERTAKING (SAVE AS REQUIRED TO COMPLY WITH ANY LEGAL OR
REGULATORY OBLIGATIONS INCLUDING THE RULES OF THE LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE) TO
DISSEMINATE ANY UPDATES OR REVISIONS TO ANY FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENT TO REFLECT
ANY CHANGES IN THE GROUP’S EXPECTATIONS OR CIRCUMSTANCES ON WHICH ANY SUCH
STATEMENT IS BASED. ALL SUBSEQUENT WRITTEN AND ORAL FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE GROUP OR INDIVIDUALS ACTING ON BEHALF OF THE GROUP ARE
EXPRESSLY QUALIFIED IN THEIR ENTIRETY BY THIS NOTE. PROSPECTIVE INVESTORS SHOULD
SPECIFICALLY CONSIDER THE FACTORS IDENTIFIED IN THIS RELEASE COULD CAUSE ACTUAL
RESULTS TO DIFFER BEFORE MAKING AN INVESTMENT DECISION.

Consolidated statement of comprehensive income

For the year ended 31 December 2025 2024

$m $m
Insurance revenue 1,860.4 1,765.1
Insurance service expenses (1,451.2) (1,186.1)
Insurance service result before reinsurance contracts held 409.2 579.0
Allocation of reinsurance premium (423.5) (439.4)
Amounts recoverable from reinsurers 395.4 240.3
Net expense from reinsurance contracts held (28.1) (199.1)
Insurance service result 381.1 379.9
Net investment return 218.0 162.2
Finance expense from insurance contracts issued (133.6) (77.9)
Finance income from reinsurance contracts held 30.7 24.0
Net insurance and investment result 496.2 488.2
Share of profit of associate 3.2 8.6
Other income 7.3 10.4
Net foreign exchange gains (losses) 1.7 (2.6)
Other operating expenses (146.2) (115.9)
Equity based compensation (23.5) (19.0)
Financing costs (33.8) (33.0)
Profit before tax 304.9 336.7
Tax charge (11.5) (15.4)
Profit after tax 293.4 321.3

Earnings per share
Basic $1.21 $1.34
Diluted $1.17 $1.30

Consolidated statement of financial position

As at 31 December 2025 2024

$m $m
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents 561.4 684.3
Accrued interest receivable 24.6 22.0
Investments 3,109.9 2,864.9
Reinsurance contract assets 717.8 557.2
Other receivables 101.2 20.5
Corporation tax receivable 0.4 –
Investment in associate 4.8 9.1
Right-of-use assets 22.7 16.2
Property, plant and equipment 8.2 8.7
Intangible assets 253.0 197.0
Total assets 4,804.0 4,379.9
Liabilities
Insurance contract liabilities 2,712.1 2,300.4
Other payables 89.8 91.9
Corporation tax payable – 2.7
Deferred tax liability 15.6 22.3
Lease liabilities 29.7 22.3
Long-term debt 447.5 447.0
Total liabilities 3,294.7 2,886.6
Shareholders’ equity
Share capital 122.0 122.0
Own shares (8.7) (20.5)
Other reserves 1,249.6 1,242.3
Retained earnings 146.4 149.5
Total shareholders’ equity 1,509.3 1,493.3
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity 4,804.0 4,379.9

Consolidated statement of cash flows

For the year ended 31 December 2025 2024

$m $m
Cash flows from operating
activities
Profit before tax 304.9 336.7
Adjustments for:
Tax paid (20.9) (7.7)
Depreciation 7.3 6.3
Amortisation on intangible 3.0 1.2
assets
Impairment of internally 10.3 –
generated intangible assets
Interest expense on long-term 25.8 25.8
debt
Interest expense on lease 1.4 1.3
liabilities
Interest income (145.4) (131.5)
Dividend income (18.5) (16.6)
Net unrealised gains on (58.2) (20.4)
investments
Net realised gains on (1.3) (2.7)
investments
Equity based compensation 23.5 19.0
Foreign exchange losses  4.4 1.2
Share of profit of associate (3.2) (8.6)
Changes in operational assets
and liabilities
Insurance and reinsurance 210.5 316.9
contracts
Other assets and liabilities (21.3) 52.9
Net cash flows from operating 322.3 573.8
activities
Cash flows used in investing
activities
Interest income received 142.9 126.2
Dividend income received 18.5 16.6
Purchase of property, plant and (2.3) (1.5)
equipment
Purchase of syndicate (68.0) (11.2)
participation rights
Internally generated intangible (1.3) (5.9)
assets
Investment in associate 7.5 15.7
Advance to purchase private (70.0) –
investment fund
Purchase of investments (1,586.2) (1,785.8)
Proceeds on sale of investments 1,425.3 1,394.0
Net cash flows used in investing (133.6) (251.9)
activities
Cash flows used in financing
activities
Interest paid (25.8) (25.8)
Lease liabilities paid (6.0) (4.0)
Dividends paid (296.5) (354.2)
Distributions by trust (5.1) (2.1)
Net cash flows used in financing (333.4) (386.1)
activities
Net decrease in cash and cash (144.7) (64.2)
equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at 684.3 756.9
beginning of year
Effect of exchange rate 16.1 (8.2)
fluctuations on cash and cash
equivalents
Effect of other items on cash 5.7 (0.2)
and cash equivalents1
Cash and cash equivalents at end 561.4 684.3
of year

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